What does 'Access via untrusted networks' pertain to in foundational requirements?

Access via untrusted networks primarily relates to the foundational requirement of Identification and Authentication Control (IAC). This requirement is focused on ensuring that only authorized users can access systems and data, especially in environments where untrusted networks may expose critical assets to potential threats.

When users access a system over an untrusted network, there is an increased risk of unauthorized individuals intercepting or accessing sensitive data. Therefore, robust identification and authentication mechanisms are essential. These mechanisms include methods like username and password combinations, multi-factor authentication, and secure tokens, which help verify the identity of users attempting to access the system.

The concept of untrusted networks emphasizes the need for heightened security controls during user identification and authentication processes to safeguard against unauthorized access and potential data breaches. This aligns with the foundational requirement of IAC, which aims to strengthen the security posture by controlling who can access a system based on their verified identity.